Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Hydrogeological Static Modeling for Groundwater Resource Assessment: A Case Study in the Eastern Henan Plain, China

Groundwater is closely related to hydrogeological structure and hydro-lithology, which mainly refers the spatial distributions properties of environment where groundwater occurs. To analyze constraints hydro-lithology on regional resources in Eastern Henan Plain, China, we reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical models at two scales, structural hydro-lithological models, using cross-sections. First, four aquifer groups, corresponding formations Quaternary study area, were reconstructed. Second, model was built SIS IK estimation under constraint each group space, respectively. Compared global model, variograms captured more characteristics lithology group. The presents continuities, clear boundaries, realistic geometric shapes three lithologies, excluding banding model. reproduced distribution small changes lithology, with smallest absolute percentage errors (APEs). Third, coupling levels, resource area estimated have a total volume 1.2339 × 104 m3. shallow concentrated Hebi City Puyang basin Yellow River, deep northern Anyang City. Finally, possible quantities recharges for future management decision area. assessment, recharge can also provide basis vulnerability, extraction, land subsidence assessment.